Scenario: A patient is found unresponsive after a fall.

Initial Assessment:

• Responsiveness: Unresponsive
• Breathing: Agonal gasps (irregular, ineffective breaths)
• Pulse: Present

Actions:

You approach the patient to open their airway.

Questions:

1. What is the first maneuver you should attempt to open the airway?

   • a) Head-tilt/chin-lift
   • b) Jaw-thrust
   • c) Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) insertion
   • d) Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) insertion

2. When should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used instead of the head-tilt/chin-lift?

   • a) When the patient is conscious.
   • b) When there is a suspected cervical spine injury.
   • c) When the patient is breathing normally.
   • d) When the patient has dentures.

3. After opening the airway, the patient continues to have agonal gasps. What is the next step?

   • a) Insert an OPA.
   • b) Insert an NPA.
   • c) Begin bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation.
   • d) Perform chest compressions.