Incorrect. Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and ensure high-quality compressions are maintained.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Calling for help ensures timely assistance and access to advanced resuscitation equipment.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be resumed immediately after defibrillation to maintain perfusion and increase chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures adequate oxygenation and circulation when no advanced airway is present.

Incorrect. Provides external electrical stimuli to maintain adequate heart rate when atropine fails.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm, and defibrillation is the most effective intervention to restore a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is the most effective intervention for a witnessed cardiac arrest in VF.

Incorrect. Rapid defibrillation within 1 minute of witnessed VF increases the likelihood of survival and ROSC.

Incorrect. CPR is the primary treatment for PEA, along with epinephrine and addressing reversible causes to restore circulation.

Incorrect. Maintaining a compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent on compressions.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and must be corrected to restore spontaneous circulation.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed during resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Interruptions in chest compressions should be minimized to less than 10 seconds to maintain adequate perfusion.

Incorrect. Defibrillation attempts should be separated by 2-minute CPR cycles to ensure effective perfusion and rhythm evaluation.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography ensures proper ET tube placement by monitoring exhaled CO? levels.

Incorrect. Stabilizes the myocardial membrane and prevents arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Dopamine is used when atropine is ineffective, improving heart rate and contractility by stimulating beta receptors.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic drug used as an alternative to amiodarone for VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. A single rescuer performs 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths to maximize perfusion and oxygenation in pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. The same compression rate as adults ensures adequate perfusion in pediatric patients during CPR.

Incorrect. Immediate CPR is required as asystole is a non-shockable rhythm.

Incorrect. First-line treatment to block vagal stimulation and increase heart rate.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers stimulate the vagus nerve, often terminating reentrant arrhythmias causing narrow-complex tachycardia.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given to improve perfusion pressure and increase the chance of ROSC in persistent VF.

Incorrect. A rate of 100-120 compressions per minute optimizes perfusion without compromising cardiac filling.

Incorrect. If VF persists after defibrillation and epinephrine, amiodarone is administered to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Atropine doses should not exceed 3 mg during bradycardia management to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Minimizing interruptions to less than 10 seconds preserves perfusion and improves resuscitation outcomes.

Incorrect. Compressing the chest 2-2.4 inches ensures adequate blood flow while minimizing injury risks.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography ensures proper ET tube placement by continuously monitoring exhaled CO? levels.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should be performed every 2 minutes, coinciding with rescuer role switches, to evaluate for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with epinephrine and high-quality CPR to address underlying reversible causes.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is a reversible cause of PEA; it must be treated immediately with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion with 50-100 J is effective for narrow, regular tachycardias that are unstable.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J to treat VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. For biphasic defibrillators, 120-200 J is the recommended energy range for VF.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion at 100 J is effective for restoring a stable rhythm in unstable ventricular tachycardia.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver opens the airway without manipulating the cervical spine, protecting against spinal cord injury.

Incorrect. A left lateral tilt prevents aortocaval compression, improving venous return and cardiac output during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Pausing compressions for more than 10 seconds interrupts perfusion and reduces the chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Administered via rapid IV push, followed by a saline flush to terminate reentrant arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used to terminate reentrant arrhythmias in narrow-complex SVT by slowing conduction through the AV node.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 92-96% to prevent hypoxia and avoid the harmful effects of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line drug for treating symptomatic bradycardia by increasing heart rate through vagal inhibition.

Incorrect. Early stabilization of blood pressure and oxygenation is critical to preventing further cardiac arrest after ROSC.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg for the initial shock, increasing as needed based on the patient's response.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to terminate unstable SVT by restoring normal electrical activity in the heart.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 92-96% to avoid hypoxia and reduce the risk of hyperoxia and oxidative stress.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered after defibrillation to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Post-ROSC care focuses on maintaining oxygenation and avoiding hypoxia or hyperoxia to protect organ function.

Incorrect. Adequate oxygenation and ventilation are critical to preventing hypoxia or hyperoxia after ROSC.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during adult cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. IV access is preferred for rapid administration; IO is the alternative if IV access is unavailable.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a 6 mg rapid IV push, followed by a saline flush, to terminate reentrant arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push for pediatric SVT, followed by a saline flush.

Incorrect. Pulse checks are performed every 2 minutes during rhythm assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of resuscitation.

Incorrect. Indicates effective chest compressions and blood circulation during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the drug of choice for treating torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. For unstable narrow, irregular tachycardias, synchronized cardioversion at 120-200 J is recommended.

Incorrect. Chest compressions are performed to dislodge the obstruction and restore effective ventilation in an unresponsive infant.

Incorrect. Delivering 1 breath every 5-6 seconds prevents hypoventilation or hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure caused by tension pneumothorax, improving ventilation and circulation.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is used after defibrillation and epinephrine for refractory VF to stabilize the myocardium.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness is the first step in determining the need for CPR or other interventions in the BLS survey.

Incorrect. Targeted temperature management improves neurological outcomes by preventing further brain injury.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be resumed immediately after a shock to maintain perfusion and increase the likelihood of ROSC.

Incorrect. A rate of 100-120 compressions per minute ensures adequate circulation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is an alternative antiarrhythmic for refractory VF, dosed at 1 mg/kg IV/IO.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh for rapid absorption.

Incorrect. This rate ensures effective circulation without causing inadequate ventricular filling.

Incorrect. Delivering 6-8 breaths per minute minimizes interruptions in chest compressions and prevents hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered every 6-8 seconds to provide oxygenation without interrupting chest compressions.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used during pediatric CPR with two rescuers to optimize ventilation and circulation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for treating narrow-complex SVT by slowing conduction through the AV node.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Incorrect. A supine position ensures proper electrode placement and effective delivery of defibrillation shocks.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Early defibrillation is critical for survival, especially in shockable rhythms like VF/VT.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered as a 300 mg IV/IO bolus for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve coronary perfusion.

Incorrect. PETCO2 readings above 10 mmHg during CPR indicate adequate chest compressions and cardiac output.

Incorrect. Rotating team roles every 2 minutes prevents fatigue, ensuring consistent delivery of high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Compressing 2-2.4 inches ensures effective perfusion during adult CPR while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Switching compressors every 2 minutes reduces rescuer fatigue, ensuring high-quality chest compressions are maintained.

Incorrect. Shouting for help ensures additional resources and a defibrillator are quickly available.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with CPR and epinephrine, as defibrillation is ineffective for non-shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Thrombosis (pulmonary or coronary) is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed immediately.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is the preferred antiarrhythmic for stabilizing wide-complex tachycardia in stable patients.

Incorrect. PETCO2 values greater than 10 mmHg during CPR indicate adequate chest compressions and blood circulation.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides real-time feedback on chest compressions and the effectiveness of CPR.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is administered to stabilize the myocardium and treat torsades de pointes effectively.

Incorrect. Placing hands on the lower half of the sternum ensures effective chest compressions without damaging other structures.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push at an initial dose of 6 mg to terminate stable SVT.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the treatment of choice for unstable ventricular tachycardia with a pulse.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with CPR, epinephrine, and identifying reversible causes to restore organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation should be optimized to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia during post-cardiac arrest care.

Incorrect. Maintaining a compression fraction above 80% ensures adequate blood flow during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes during pauses in CPR to evaluate for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for asystole, along with epinephrine and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Two rescuers are needed to maintain high-quality CPR with an advanced airway: one for compressions and one for ventilation.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation should be closely monitored to prevent hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Atropine at 0.5 mg IV is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia caused by vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. Calcium gluconate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and reduces the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia.

Incorrect. Positioning the patient with a slight left tilt prevents aortocaval compression and improves venous return during CPR.

Incorrect. Prevents progression to cardiac arrest by restoring a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. Two minutes of CPR (about 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths) should be performed before reassessing the rhythm.

Incorrect. Ventricular fibrillation presents as a disorganized rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation.

Incorrect. Maintains vasoconstriction, improving blood flow to vital organs during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Continuous chest compressions are performed while ventilations are delivered every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

Incorrect. Providing 6-8 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation and ventilation without interfering with chest compressions.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is administered to stabilize the myocardium and terminate torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is critical for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and pulseless VT.

Incorrect. TTM helps reduce neurological injury after ROSC by maintaining a target temperature between 32-36°C.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 5-10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. A compression fraction above 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent performing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Maintaining this range prevents hypoxia while minimizing the risks of hyperoxia and oxidative injury.

Incorrect. Minimizes interruptions to maintain blood flow to vital organs.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used to terminate stable narrow-complex tachycardia by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides real-time feedback on ventilation and the effectiveness of chest compressions.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 reading above 10 mmHg indicates adequate chest compressions and cardiac output during CPR.

Incorrect. Maximum energy for monophasic defibrillators; for biphasic, follow manufacturer recommendations.

Incorrect. A sudden increase in PETCO2 is a reliable indicator of ROSC, reflecting improved circulation and gas exchange.

Incorrect. Two minutes of CPR (about 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths) should be completed before checking the rhythm.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts with 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Administered every 3-5 minutes to restore circulation by increasing coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to prevent hyperventilation.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm, and immediate defibrillation is the most effective treatment.

Incorrect. Ventricular fibrillation is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest and requires immediate defibrillation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 1 mg IV every 3-5 minutes is used to enhance perfusion during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Optimal for maintaining adequate circulation without risking poor perfusion due to excessive speed.

Incorrect. Atropine blocks vagal stimulation, increasing heart rate in cases of symptomatic bradycardia.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to restore a normal rhythm in unstable atrial fibrillation.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for pulseless VT, aiming to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Reduces the risk of oxidative stress and worsened outcomes by preventing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given as a continuous infusion to maintain adequate heart rate and perfusion when atropine is ineffective.

Incorrect. These shockable rhythms require immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Ventilation with an advanced airway should be provided at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths per minute.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most frequent reversible cause of PEA and should be addressed immediately with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line drug for symptomatic bradycardia, increasing heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring ensures effective ventilation and provides feedback on the quality of chest compressions during CPR.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is repeated every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. The 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR performed by two rescuers.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should be performed every 2 minutes during CPR, coinciding with compressor role switches.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation within this range ensures adequate oxygenation without the risk of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides continuous feedback on the quality of chest compressions and the effectiveness of resuscitation.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate high-quality CPR and administration of epinephrine.

Incorrect. CPR should be resumed immediately after defibrillation to maintain perfusion and increase the likelihood of ROSC.

Incorrect. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, restoring respiratory effort in patients with respiratory depression.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes the myocardium and is given as a bolus for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Post-ROSC care focuses on stabilizing ventilation and oxygenation to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Dopamine is used to improve heart rate and contractility in bradycardia unresponsive to atropine.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver opens the airway without moving the cervical spine, reducing the risk of spinal injury.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a potentially reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed during resuscitation.

Incorrect. IO access provides a reliable alternative for rapid drug delivery during resuscitation when IV access cannot be obtained.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation begins at 2 J/kg for the first shock and increases as necessary for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be corrected with fluid resuscitation.

Incorrect. Ventilations should be provided at a controlled rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to prevent hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia, increasing the heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is used to stabilize wide-complex tachycardias in stable patients to prevent deterioration into cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides high-quality compressions for infants during CPR.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push to terminate SVT in pediatric patients, followed by a saline flush.

Incorrect. Symptomatic second-degree AV block type II can progress to complete heart block, requiring pacing.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers stimulate the vagus nerve, often terminating narrow-complex SVT caused by reentrant circuits.

Incorrect. Delivers an electrical shock to depolarize the heart and restore a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. Early defibrillation within 30 seconds of a witnessed VF arrest increases survival rates significantly.

Incorrect. The most reliable method to confirm and monitor placement by measuring exhaled CO?.

Incorrect. Atrial flutter presents as a sawtooth pattern on the ECG and requires rate control or cardioversion depending on stability.

Incorrect. For adult CPR, the ratio ensures adequate perfusion and oxygenation when no advanced airway is in place.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg when treating symptomatic bradycardia in adults.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J, restoring organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary intervention for PEA, followed by epinephrine administration and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms and assess the need for defibrillation.

Incorrect. Switching every 2 minutes reduces rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Activating EMS ensures help is on the way while you assess and initiate resuscitation.

Incorrect. Stabilizes the myocardium and suppresses arrhythmias during refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Oxygen levels should be monitored and optimized to maintain saturation within the target range of 92-96%.

Incorrect. Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression, restoring normal respiratory function.

Incorrect. A compression fraction greater than 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent performing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust technique opens the airway while minimizing cervical spine movement, reducing the risk of further injury.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion with 120-200 J is used to restore normal rhythm in unstable atrial fibrillation.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm treated with high-quality CPR and epinephrine.

Incorrect. CPR is the primary intervention for PEA, followed by epinephrine and identification of reversible causes.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is dosed at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Interruptions in chest compressions should not exceed 10 seconds to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs.

Incorrect. Avoid delays to minimize interruptions in chest compressions and maintain perfusion.

Incorrect. TTM prevents further neurological injury by maintaining a controlled core temperature after ROSC.