3.2 C – Chest Compressions

Compression Rate and Ratio

Chest compressions are the highest priority in Basic Life Support. The recommended compression rate for all age groups—adults, children, and infants—is 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

The standard compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer is 30:2 across all ages. In two-rescuer CPR, the ratio for infants and children changes to 15:2, but adults remain at 30:2 regardless of the number of rescuers.

High-Quality Compression Guidelines

• Compression rate: 100–120 per minute
• Compression depth: At least 2 inches (5 cm)
• Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression
• Minimize interruptions to maintain effective perfusion

Note: Do not move the victim unless absolutely necessary—such as if they are face down, in immediate danger, or on an unstable surface like a bed or couch.

Performing Chest Compressions

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Performing Chest Compressions

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Steps for Performing Chest Compressions

1. Position the victim: Ensure the person is lying face up on a firm, flat surface.
2. Position yourself: Stand or kneel beside the victim's chest.
3. Place your hands:
   • Hand Placement
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     Hand Placement

     

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     Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum (center of the chest).
   • Place your other hand on top and interlock your fingers.
   • Body Positioning
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     Body Positioning

     

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     Keep your arms straight with shoulders directly over your hands.
4. Deliver compressions:
   • Push Hard and Fast
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     Push Hard and Fast

     

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     Press hard and fast—at least 2 inches deep at a rate of 100–120/minute.
   • Use straight downward force; avoid leaning between compressions.
   • Allow the chest to recoil completely between each compression.