Incorrect. Amiodarone is the preferred antiarrhythmic for stabilizing wide-complex tachycardia in stable patients.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography ensures proper ET tube placement by monitoring exhaled CO? levels.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered after defibrillation to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Maintaining this range prevents hypoxia while minimizing the risks of hyperoxia and oxidative injury.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is repeated every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver opens the airway without moving the cervical spine, reducing the risk of spinal injury.

Incorrect. CPR should be resumed immediately after defibrillation to maintain perfusion and increase the likelihood of ROSC.

Incorrect. Defibrillation attempts should be separated by 2-minute CPR cycles to ensure effective perfusion and rhythm evaluation.

Incorrect. Dopamine is used to improve heart rate and contractility in bradycardia unresponsive to atropine.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh for rapid absorption.

Incorrect. Two rescuers are needed to maintain high-quality CPR with an advanced airway: one for compressions and one for ventilation.

Incorrect. Two minutes of CPR (about 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths) should be completed before checking the rhythm.

Incorrect. Maintaining a compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent on compressions.

Incorrect. Atrial flutter presents as a sawtooth pattern on the ECG and requires rate control or cardioversion depending on stability.

Incorrect. The same compression rate as adults ensures adequate perfusion in pediatric patients during CPR.

Incorrect. These shockable rhythms require immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. A rate of 100-120 compressions per minute ensures adequate circulation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Minimizes interruptions to maintain blood flow to vital organs.

Incorrect. Thrombosis (pulmonary or coronary) is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed immediately.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J to treat VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. The most reliable method to confirm and monitor placement by measuring exhaled CO?.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Symptomatic second-degree AV block type II can progress to complete heart block, requiring pacing.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push for pediatric SVT, followed by a saline flush.

Incorrect. First-line treatment to block vagal stimulation and increase heart rate.

Incorrect. Atropine doses should not exceed 3 mg during bradycardia management to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. A supine position ensures proper electrode placement and effective delivery of defibrillation shocks.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered as a 300 mg IV/IO bolus for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers stimulate the vagus nerve, often terminating reentrant arrhythmias causing narrow-complex tachycardia.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be resumed immediately after a shock to maintain perfusion and increase the likelihood of ROSC.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with epinephrine and high-quality CPR to address underlying reversible causes.

Incorrect. Ventilation with an advanced airway should be provided at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths per minute.

Incorrect. Adequate oxygenation and ventilation are critical to preventing hypoxia or hyperoxia after ROSC.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is used to stabilize wide-complex tachycardias in stable patients to prevent deterioration into cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a potentially reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Stabilizes the myocardial membrane and prevents arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the drug of choice for treating torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line drug for symptomatic bradycardia, increasing heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation should be optimized to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia during post-cardiac arrest care.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line drug for treating symptomatic bradycardia by increasing heart rate through vagal inhibition.

Incorrect. Post-ROSC care focuses on stabilizing ventilation and oxygenation to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. CPR is the primary treatment for PEA, along with epinephrine and addressing reversible causes to restore circulation.

Incorrect. Reduces the risk of oxidative stress and worsened outcomes by preventing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg when treating symptomatic bradycardia in adults.

Incorrect. For adult CPR, the ratio ensures adequate perfusion and oxygenation when no advanced airway is in place.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides continuous feedback on the quality of chest compressions and the effectiveness of resuscitation.

Incorrect. TTM helps reduce neurological injury after ROSC by maintaining a target temperature between 32-36°C.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm, and defibrillation is the most effective intervention to restore a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push at an initial dose of 6 mg to terminate stable SVT.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion at 100 J is effective for restoring a stable rhythm in unstable ventricular tachycardia.

Incorrect. Continuous chest compressions are performed while ventilations are delivered every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

Incorrect. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, restoring respiratory effort in patients with respiratory depression.

Incorrect. A compression fraction above 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent performing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Early stabilization of blood pressure and oxygenation is critical to preventing further cardiac arrest after ROSC.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push to terminate SVT in pediatric patients, followed by a saline flush.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with CPR, epinephrine, and identifying reversible causes to restore organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to prevent hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve coronary perfusion.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver opens the airway without manipulating the cervical spine, protecting against spinal cord injury.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides real-time feedback on ventilation and the effectiveness of chest compressions.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust technique opens the airway while minimizing cervical spine movement, reducing the risk of further injury.

Incorrect. Atropine is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia, increasing the heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. Stabilizes the myocardium and suppresses arrhythmias during refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Immediate CPR is required as asystole is a non-shockable rhythm.

Incorrect. Indicates effective chest compressions and blood circulation during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Provides external electrical stimuli to maintain adequate heart rate when atropine fails.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used to terminate reentrant arrhythmias in narrow-complex SVT by slowing conduction through the AV node.

Incorrect. Ventricular fibrillation presents as a disorganized rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a 6 mg rapid IV push, followed by a saline flush, to terminate reentrant arrhythmias.

Incorrect. TTM prevents further neurological injury by maintaining a controlled core temperature after ROSC.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring ensures effective ventilation and provides feedback on the quality of chest compressions during CPR.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is used after defibrillation and epinephrine for refractory VF to stabilize the myocardium.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 reading above 10 mmHg indicates adequate chest compressions and cardiac output during CPR.

Incorrect. A sudden increase in PETCO2 is a reliable indicator of ROSC, reflecting improved circulation and gas exchange.

Incorrect. IV access is preferred for rapid administration; IO is the alternative if IV access is unavailable.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes the myocardium and is given as a bolus for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Maintaining a compression fraction above 80% ensures adequate blood flow during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 92-96% to prevent hypoxia and avoid the harmful effects of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Activating EMS ensures help is on the way while you assess and initiate resuscitation.

Incorrect. Prevents progression to cardiac arrest by restoring a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. If VF persists after defibrillation and epinephrine, amiodarone is administered to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Ventilations should be provided at a controlled rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to prevent hyperventilation.

Incorrect. IO access provides a reliable alternative for rapid drug delivery during resuscitation when IV access cannot be obtained.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers stimulate the vagus nerve, often terminating narrow-complex SVT caused by reentrant circuits.

Incorrect. Switching every 2 minutes reduces rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Chest compressions are performed to dislodge the obstruction and restore effective ventilation in an unresponsive infant.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness is the first step in determining the need for CPR or other interventions in the BLS survey.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is administered to stabilize the myocardium and terminate torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography ensures proper ET tube placement by continuously monitoring exhaled CO? levels.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate high-quality CPR and administration of epinephrine.

Incorrect. Calcium gluconate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and reduces the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and must be corrected to restore spontaneous circulation.

Incorrect. Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and ensure high-quality compressions are maintained.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure caused by tension pneumothorax, improving ventilation and circulation.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 92-96% to avoid hypoxia and reduce the risk of hyperoxia and oxidative stress.

Incorrect. Two minutes of CPR (about 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths) should be performed before reassessing the rhythm.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is a reversible cause of PEA; it must be treated immediately with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J, restoring organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Administered via rapid IV push, followed by a saline flush to terminate reentrant arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Dopamine is used when atropine is ineffective, improving heart rate and contractility by stimulating beta receptors.

Incorrect. A single rescuer performs 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths to maximize perfusion and oxygenation in pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Maintains vasoconstriction, improving blood flow to vital organs during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most frequent reversible cause of PEA and should be addressed immediately with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures adequate oxygenation and circulation when no advanced airway is present.

Incorrect. CPR is the primary intervention for PEA, followed by epinephrine and identification of reversible causes.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given to improve perfusion pressure and increase the chance of ROSC in persistent VF.

Incorrect. This rate ensures effective circulation without causing inadequate ventricular filling.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be resumed immediately after defibrillation to maintain perfusion and increase chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Early defibrillation is critical for survival, especially in shockable rhythms like VF/VT.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during adult cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 1 mg IV every 3-5 minutes is used to enhance perfusion during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to restore a normal rhythm in unstable atrial fibrillation.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is the most effective intervention for a witnessed cardiac arrest in VF.

Incorrect. Early defibrillation within 30 seconds of a witnessed VF arrest increases survival rates significantly.

Incorrect. Atropine at 0.5 mg IV is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia caused by vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. Compressing the chest 2-2.4 inches ensures adequate blood flow while minimizing injury risks.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Maximum energy for monophasic defibrillators; for biphasic, follow manufacturer recommendations.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is an alternative antiarrhythmic for refractory VF, dosed at 1 mg/kg IV/IO.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. For unstable narrow, irregular tachycardias, synchronized cardioversion at 120-200 J is recommended.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to terminate unstable SVT by restoring normal electrical activity in the heart.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be addressed during resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Providing 6-8 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation and ventilation without interfering with chest compressions.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the treatment of choice for unstable ventricular tachycardia with a pulse.

Incorrect. Delivering 1 breath every 5-6 seconds prevents hypoventilation or hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms and assess the need for defibrillation.

Incorrect. Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression, restoring normal respiratory function.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should be performed every 2 minutes during CPR, coinciding with compressor role switches.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should be performed every 2 minutes, coinciding with rescuer role switches, to evaluate for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with CPR and epinephrine, as defibrillation is ineffective for non-shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm, and immediate defibrillation is the most effective treatment.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Incorrect. Administered every 3-5 minutes to restore circulation by increasing coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used during pediatric CPR with two rescuers to optimize ventilation and circulation.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. PETCO2 readings above 10 mmHg during CPR indicate adequate chest compressions and cardiac output.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation within this range ensures adequate oxygenation without the risk of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Compressing 2-2.4 inches ensures effective perfusion during adult CPR while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Switching compressors every 2 minutes reduces rescuer fatigue, ensuring high-quality chest compressions are maintained.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is critical for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Minimizing interruptions to less than 10 seconds preserves perfusion and improves resuscitation outcomes.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides high-quality compressions for infants during CPR.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary intervention for PEA, followed by epinephrine administration and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Targeted temperature management improves neurological outcomes by preventing further brain injury.

Incorrect. Interruptions in chest compressions should be minimized to less than 10 seconds to maintain adequate perfusion.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used to terminate stable narrow-complex tachycardia by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. Atropine blocks vagal stimulation, increasing heart rate in cases of symptomatic bradycardia.

Incorrect. The 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR performed by two rescuers.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Pulse checks are performed every 2 minutes during rhythm assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes during pauses in CPR to evaluate for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Rotating team roles every 2 minutes prevents fatigue, ensuring consistent delivery of high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Calling for help ensures timely assistance and access to advanced resuscitation equipment.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be corrected with fluid resuscitation.

Incorrect. Shouting for help ensures additional resources and a defibrillator are quickly available.

Incorrect. PETCO2 values greater than 10 mmHg during CPR indicate adequate chest compressions and blood circulation.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg for the initial shock, increasing as needed based on the patient's response.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides real-time feedback on chest compressions and the effectiveness of CPR.

Incorrect. For biphasic defibrillators, 120-200 J is the recommended energy range for VF.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is administered to stabilize the myocardium and treat torsades de pointes effectively.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for pulseless VT, aiming to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Avoid delays to minimize interruptions in chest compressions and maintain perfusion.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm treated with high-quality CPR and epinephrine.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic drug used as an alternative to amiodarone for VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Delivering 6-8 breaths per minute minimizes interruptions in chest compressions and prevents hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Oxygen levels should be monitored and optimized to maintain saturation within the target range of 92-96%.

Incorrect. Optimal for maintaining adequate circulation without risking poor perfusion due to excessive speed.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 5-10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Delivers an electrical shock to depolarize the heart and restore a normal rhythm.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is dosed at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Placing hands on the lower half of the sternum ensures effective chest compressions without damaging other structures.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion with 50-100 J is effective for narrow, regular tachycardias that are unstable.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation begins at 2 J/kg for the first shock and increases as necessary for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Interruptions in chest compressions should not exceed 10 seconds to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts with 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. A rate of 100-120 compressions per minute optimizes perfusion without compromising cardiac filling.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered every 6-8 seconds to provide oxygenation without interrupting chest compressions.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. A compression fraction greater than 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent performing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation should be closely monitored to prevent hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given as a continuous infusion to maintain adequate heart rate and perfusion when atropine is ineffective.

Incorrect. Rapid defibrillation within 1 minute of witnessed VF increases the likelihood of survival and ROSC.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for treating narrow-complex SVT by slowing conduction through the AV node.

Incorrect. A left lateral tilt prevents aortocaval compression, improving venous return and cardiac output during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Post-ROSC care focuses on maintaining oxygenation and avoiding hypoxia or hyperoxia to protect organ function.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion with 120-200 J is used to restore normal rhythm in unstable atrial fibrillation.

Incorrect. Ventricular fibrillation is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest and requires immediate defibrillation.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for asystole, along with epinephrine and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Pausing compressions for more than 10 seconds interrupts perfusion and reduces the chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Positioning the patient with a slight left tilt prevents aortocaval compression and improves venous return during CPR.