4.4 B – Rescue Breathing (Infants & Children)

When to Provide Rescue Breathing

Rescue breathing should be performed when an infant or child has a pulse but is not breathing normally (e.g., gasping or apneic).

Rescue Breathing Methods

• A Barrier Device (Child/Infant)
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  Barrier Device (Child/Infant)

  

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  (e.g., pediatric face mask or pocket shield)
• A Bag-Mask Device (Pediatric)
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  Bag-Mask Device (Pediatric)

  

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  , preferred for healthcare providers
• Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose
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  Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose

  

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  for infants if no equipment is available

Bag-Mask Ventilation (For HCPs)

Two-Rescuer Technique

• Rescuer 1: Opens the airway and ensures a tight mask seal
• Rescuer 2: Squeezes the bag to deliver ventilations

Proper Technique

1. Position yourself at the top of the victim’s head.
2. Place the mask over the mouth and nose, aligning it with the bridge of the nose.
3. Use the E-C Clamp Technique
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   E-C Clamp Technique

   

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   to create a proper seal:
   • Thumb and index finger form a C shape on the mask.
   • The remaining fingers lift the jaw upward, forming an E shape.
4. Deliver each breath over 1 second while observing for visible chest rise.
5. Avoid excessive ventilation to prevent gastric inflation.

Rescue Breathing Guidelines

• Give 1 breath every 3–5 seconds (approximately 12–20 breaths per minute).
• Reassess pulse every 2 minutes.
• Begin full CPR if the pulse is lost or breathing remains absent and ineffective.

Ventilation Reference Table