Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation at 94-98% avoids both hypoxia and the harmful effects of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. The correct compression depth for infants is 1/3 the depth of the chest, approximately 1.5 inches.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for neonatal CPR with two rescuers is 3:1, prioritizing ventilation over compressions.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for pediatric SVT and may increase to 2 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is indicated in unstable SVT to restore a normal sinus rhythm safely.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR and addressing reversible causes such as hypoxia or hypovolemia.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, compressions are continuous, and ventilations are delivered without pausing compressions.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing the myocardium and correcting QT interval abnormalities.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the first-line treatment for unstable SVT in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for bradycardia caused by hypoxia; lidocaine is used for arrhythmias.

Incorrect. During respiratory arrest, rescue breaths are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to ensure adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg fluid bolus is standard for pediatric hypovolemic shock to restore circulating volume.

Incorrect. Atropine is dosed at 0.02 mg/kg, with a maximum single dose of 0.5 mg for children and 1 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for pediatric bradycardia, addressing the most common cause: hypoxia.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for children is 100-120 compressions per minute, ensuring effective perfusion.

Incorrect. During CPR with an advanced airway, providing 10 breaths per minute prevents hyperventilation and ensures adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. If VF persists after the initial defibrillation at 2 J/kg, the next dose is 4 J/kg, and subsequent shocks should not exceed 10 J/kg.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for pediatric SVT is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Neonatal hypovolemic shock is managed with smaller boluses of 10 mL/kg to avoid overloading the circulatory system.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. By 10 minutes after birth, neonates should reach an oxygen saturation of 90-95%, reflecting effective oxygenation.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust avoids neck movement and is preferred for maintaining the airway in patients with suspected cervical spine injuries.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio ensures efficient oxygenation and circulation during two-rescuer pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate circulation without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm and requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute optimizes perfusion while preventing rescuer fatigue.

Incorrect. Neonates transition to higher oxygen saturation levels gradually, targeting 80-85% by 5 minutes of life.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" and should be corrected to restore normal cardiac function during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a normal rhythm in unstable SVT to prevent further hemodynamic compromise.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT and is used to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated with rapid fluid resuscitation to restore perfusion.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates in the first minute is 60-65%, gradually increasing to 80-85% by 5 minutes.

Incorrect. Neonatal CPR prioritizes ventilation due to respiratory causes of arrest, using a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures that the majority of CPR time is spent delivering chest compressions for optimal outcomes.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" in reversible causes of cardiac arrest and is treated with active rewarming.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO for refractory VF or pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. For cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload due to poor cardiac function.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is used as an antiarrhythmic in cardiac arrest, with a cumulative dose limit of 3 mg/kg.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine in pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated by correcting blood glucose levels.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg to deliver an effective shock safely, increasing to 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the primary cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be treated with oxygen and ventilation.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of PEA and should be corrected to restore normal metabolic and cardiac function.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is included in the “T’s” of reversible causes and is treated with needle decompression to relieve pressure.

Incorrect. In cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload and worsening cardiac function.

Incorrect. Atropine is used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary conduction abnormalities.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered at 0.1 mg/kg as a rapid IV push for treating narrow-complex SVT in children.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is a treatable cause of cardiac arrest, managed by needle decompression to relieve intrathoracic pressure.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the resumption of effective blood circulation and detectable pulse following cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment for stable SVT to interrupt the reentrant circuit causing tachycardia.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients, not lidocaine.

Incorrect. The maximum atropine dose for pediatric bradycardia is 3 mg total, with individual doses capped at 0.5 mg for children.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug and fluid administration when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is treated with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. The preferred method is waveform capnography, as it provides continuous monitoring and confirmation of tube placement.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. For a child without a pulse, CPR should be initiated with compressions and ventilations at a 30:2 or 15:2 ratio.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes cardiac cells and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. The first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia is oxygenation and ventilation; atropine is used if bradycardia persists.

Incorrect. During CPR with an advanced airway, 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation.

Incorrect. ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) indicates the restoration of effective blood flow with a detectable pulse.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring endotracheal tube placement in real-time.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for high-quality CPR in children is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation during the first 5 minutes of neonatal resuscitation is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95%.

Incorrect. Neonates gradually increase oxygen saturation, starting at 60-65% in the first minute of life, as part of normal postnatal adaptation.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, breaths are delivered at 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min) without pausing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended for septic shock to restore perfusion and stabilize circulation.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg and may increase to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used in two-rescuer pediatric CPR to optimize both circulation and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes and is not contraindicated.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.