PEDIATRIC TOXICOLOGY/OVERDOSE EMERGENCIES

Toxicology emergencies in children often result from accidental ingestion of medications, household substances, or environmental toxins. Early identification and treatment are crucial to minimizing harm.

Signs of Toxicity:

• Altered Mental Status: Lethargy, agitation, or seizures.
• Respiratory Distress: Bradypnea, tachypnea, or hypoxia.
• Cardiovascular Effects: Bradycardia, tachycardia, or hypotension.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.

Management Principles:

• Decontamination: Administer activated charcoal if ingestion occurred within 1 hour and is indicated.
• Antidotes: Use specific antidotes when applicable (e.g., naloxone for opioid overdose, acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity).
• Supportive Care: Address symptoms with oxygen, IV fluids, or seizure management as needed.
• Poison Control: Consult regional poison control centers for guidance on treatment and monitoring.

Recognizing signs of toxicity and initiating appropriate interventions can prevent serious complications in pediatric toxicology emergencies.