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Universal First Aid Course

Module 4. Environmental & Exposure Emergencies

How Does Electricity Affect the Body?

Electricity travels through conductors—materials that allow electrical flow. The human body is an excellent conductor, which is why electric shocks are a common household hazard.

While minor shocks are usually more surprising than dangerous, prolonged exposure or high-voltage electrocution can cause:

  • Severe burns to the skin and internal tissues
  • Cardiac arrest (disrupting the heart’s electrical signals)
  • Unconsciousness or respiratory failure
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    Unconsciousness or respiratory failure
    Unconsciousness or respiratory failure
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Important: Electrocution victims may still be in contact with the electrical source. Never touch them until the electricity is turned off.

What to Do in an Electrocution Emergency
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Electrocution Emergency
Electrocution Emergency
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1. Ensure the Scene Is Safe

  • Do not touch the victim if they are still in contact with an electrical source.
  • If possible, turn off the electricity at the circuit breaker or power switch.
  • If shutting off the power is not possible, use a non-conductive object (plastic, glass, dry wood) to move the electrical source away from the victim.

2. Call 911 If Any of the Following Occur

  • The victim is unconscious
  • They have burns, difficulty breathing, or irregular heartbeat
  • The victim was exposed to high voltage (power lines, industrial accidents)

3. Check for Breathing and Pulse

  • If the victim is not breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR immediately.
  • If they are breathing but appear weak, pale, or confused, they may be in shock.

4. Treat Burns

  • Electrical burns may have both an entry and exit wound (where the current entered and exited the body).
  • Cover burns with a dry, sterile dressing. Do not apply ointments or ice.
  • Do not pop blisters, as this increases infection risk.

5. Prevent Shock

  • Lay the person down with their head slightly lower than their chest.
  • Elevate their legs to improve circulation.
  • Keep them warm and calm until help arrives.
Note: If they become unresponsive, start CPR immediately.

When to Seek Medical Attention

  • The person was exposed to high voltage (power lines, industrial equipment)
  • They have burns, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness
  • The victim has tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness after the shock
  • They fell from a height or suffered secondary injuries due to electrocution
Even if the person seems fine, electric shocks can cause internal injuries. Always seek medical evaluation after electrocution.

Key Takeaways

  • Never touch an electrocuted victim until the power source is confirmed off.
  • Use a non-conductive object to separate the victim from the electrical source if needed.
  • Call 911 and begin CPR if the victim is unresponsive or not breathing.
  • Cover burns with a dry, sterile dressing—do not apply ice or ointments.
  • Monitor for signs of shock and seek medical help even if the person appears fine.