PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is crucial to restoring a perfusing rhythm in shockable cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for pediatric SVT and may increase to 2 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with high-quality CPR to maintain perfusion and address reversible causes.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is the preferred antiarrhythmic for stabilizing wide-complex tachycardia in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR and addressing reversible causes such as hypoxia or hypovolemia.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 value above 10 mmHg indicates effective chest compressions and perfusion during CPR.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Rescuers should switch roles every 2 minutes to maintain high-quality chest compressions without fatigue.

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine in pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes wide-complex tachycardia by slowing conduction and suppressing arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is the first-line treatment to reverse cardiovascular collapse and airway swelling in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness determines whether the child requires immediate intervention.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment for stable SVT to interrupt the reentrant circuit causing tachycardia.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR with two rescuers.

Incorrect. Encouraging spontaneous clearance prevents worsening of the obstruction in children with partial airway blockage.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion without causing injury.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in children due to their dependency on oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Back blows are delivered to clear a complete airway obstruction in infants and younger children.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute optimizes perfusion while preventing rescuer fatigue.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a stable rhythm in unstable SVT that is refractory to adenosine.

Incorrect. For cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload due to poor cardiac function.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures that the majority of CPR time is spent delivering chest compressions for optimal outcomes.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures effective perfusion without causing injury during infant CPR.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms or changes in the patient’s condition.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the resumption of effective blood circulation and detectable pulse following cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Rescuer roles should be rotated every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes cardiac cells and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation between 90-95% prevents hypoxia and avoids the risks of hyperoxia in neonates.

Incorrect. Early administration of epinephrine within 2 minutes improves outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during pediatric resuscitation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes to improve perfusion during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated by correcting blood glucose levels.

Incorrect. If no rhythm is detected, CPR is continued immediately to maintain perfusion until further intervention is possible.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is treated with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for children is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates in the first minute is 60-65%, gradually increasing to 80-85% by 5 minutes.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in cases of tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio prioritizes ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for children in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Neonates achieve oxygen saturation of 80-85% within the first 5 minutes as oxygenation gradually improves after birth.

Incorrect. Neonatal oxygen saturation gradually increases after birth, reaching 80-85% within the first 5 minutes.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides effective chest compressions and allows better control for ventilations.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation, preventing cardiac arrest in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended for septic shock to restore perfusion and stabilize circulation.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute ensures adequate circulation during CPR.